The quiet Sun photospheric plasma has a variety of magnetic field strengths going from zero to 1800 G. The empirical characterization of these field strengths requires a probability density function (PDF), i.e., a function P(B) describing the fraction of quiet Sun occupied by each field strength B. We present a method to combine magnetic field

The theoretical understanding of the linear standing or propagating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a variety of solar coronal structures is far from complete since analytical solutions to the linearised MHD equations can only be found for very simple magnetic configurations. In this work, a numerical code is used to solve the linear MHD wave

In order to understand the influence of magnetic fields on the propagation properties of waves, as derived from different local helioseismology techniques, forward modeling of waves is required. Such calculations need a model in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium as an initial atmosphere through which to propagate oscillations. We provide a method to

This paper is the second in a series presenting the results of our deep H α-line survey towards protoclusters at z > 2, based on narrow-band imaging with the Subaru Telescope. This work investigates massive galaxies in a protocluster region associated with a radio galaxy (PKS 1138 - 262), the Spiderweb galaxy, at z = 2.2. Our 0.5 mag deeper narrow

In a statistical study of the decay of individual sunspots based on DPR data we find that the mean instantaneous area decay rate is related to the spot radius r and the maximal radius r0 as D=C r/r0, C=32.0 +- 0.26 MSH/day. This implies that sunspots on the mean follow a parabolic decay law; the traditional linear decay law is excluded by the data

Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) trace warm neutral and weakly ionized diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). Here we present a dedicated, high signal-to-noise spectroscopic survey of two of the strongest DIBs, at 5780 and 5797 Å, in optical spectra of 666 early-type stars in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, along with measurements of the atomic