The first detection of an exoplanetary atmosphere dates back merely two decades and has undergone a veritable boom with a wide range of dedicated instrumentation. I will give a short overview of how we learn more about the composition of exoplanets and in consequence about the planet population and our place in it.  I will put a special emphasis on high-resolution spectroscopy and how we employ it now to observe the atmospheric dynamics in far-away worlds, such as churning jet-streams and powerful sub-to-antistellar flows. Looking to the future and the paradigm shift of the ELT-era, I will explore the implications of these technical advancements, with a particular focus on how we can leverage high-resolution spectroscopic data to decipher the complex interplay between dynamics and composition in these distant worlds in synergy with existing and upcoming space missions.