Planetary system around LTT 1445A unveiled by ESPRESSO: Multiple planets in a triple M-dwarf system

Lavie, B.; Bouchy, F.; Lovis, C.; Zapatero Osorio, M.; Deline, A.; Barros, S.; Figueira, P.; Sozzetti, A.; González Hernández, J. I.; Lillo-Box, J.; Rodrigues, J.; Mehner, A.; Damasso, M.; Adibekyan, V.; Alibert, Y.; Allende Prieto, C.; Cristiani, S.; D'Odorico, V.; Di Marcantonio, P.; Ehrenreich, D.; Génova Santos, R.; Lo Curto, G.; Martins, C. J. A. P.; Micela, G.; Molaro, P.; Nunes, N.; Palle, E.; Pepe, F.; Poretti, E.; Rebolo, R.; Santos, N.; Sousa, S.; Suárez Mascareño, A.; Tabrenero, H.; Udry, S.
Referencia bibliográfica

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Fecha de publicación:
5
2023
Número de autores
35
Número de autores del IAC
6
Número de citas
5
Número de citas referidas
3
Descripción
We present radial velocity follow-up obtained with ESPRESSO of the M-type star LTT 1445A (TOI-455), for which a transiting planet b with an orbital period of 5.4 days was detected by TESS. We report the discovery of a second transiting planet (LTT 1445A c) and a third non-transiting candidate planet (LTT 1445A d) with orbital periods of 3.12 and 24.30 days, respectively. The host star is the main component of a triple M-dwarf system at a distance of 6.9 pc. We used 84 ESPRESSO high-resolution spectra to determine accurate masses of 2.3 ± 0.3 M⊕ and 1.0 ± 0.2 M⊕ for planets b and c and a minimum mass of 2.7 ± 0.7 M⊕ for planet d. Based on its radius of 1.43 ± 0.09 R⊕ as derived from the TESS observations, LTT 1445A b has a lower density than the Earth and may therefore hold a sizeable atmosphere, which makes it a prime target for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We used a Bayesian inference approach with the nested sampling algorithm and a set of models to test the robustness of the retrieved physical values of the system. There is a probability of 85% that the transit of planet c is grazing, which results in a retrieved radius with large uncertainties at 1.60−0.34+0.67 R⊕. LTT 1445A d orbits the inner boundary of the habitable zone of its host star and could be a prime target for the JWST.

RV and activity indices for ESPRESSO are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A69