The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a near-infrared (1.5-1.7 microns), high resolution (R~22,500), high S/N (>100), spectroscopic survey as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Among the goals of this survey is multi-epoch monitoring of exoplanetary systems discovered by the Kepler mission, resulting in very high S/N (typically a few hundred) observations of Planet-hosting stars. The combined visits and sensitivity of the Sloan 2.5-meter telescope yield stellar parameters for a large number of planet-hosting systems with higher precision (e.g., $\sigma_{[Fe/H]} < 0.05$ dex), and deeper observations (H<14) than many other spectroscopic surveys of similar scale. We have combined this rich dataset with orbital and planetary properties from the Kepler mission to reveal a correlation with stellar metallicity and planet orbital period in close-in (P<100 days), small (R_p < 20 R_earth) exoplanetary systems. In particular, we find that planets with orbital periods P ≤ 8.5 days have statistically more metal-enriched hosts than planets with P > 8.5 days. This dichotomy implies that there may be different formation histories between these two populations. For example, there may be a protoplanetary disk inner-radius (such as the gas co-rotation radius or the dust-sublimation radius) with a metallicity-dependence at the time of planet formation that allows small, rocky planets to either form or migrate closer in to their host star in metal-rich conditions. In addition, based on previous work about the "Evaporation Valley", there is theoretical support that this critical period of 8.5 days may be tied to the bulk composition of the two exoplanet populations.