The ancient Egyptians had just one calendar in operation, the civil one, during most of their history and before the overwhelming influence of Hellenic culture. This calendar may have been invented for a specific purpose in the first half of the third millennium B.C., when the previous local Nile-based lunar calendars were rendered useless, as the

We present two-dimensional line-of-sight stellar kinematics of the lens galaxy in the Einstein Cross, obtained with the GEMINI 8 m telescope, using the GMOS integral-field spectrograph. The stellar kinematics extend to a radius of 4'' (with 0farcs2 spaxels), covering about two-thirds of the effective (or half-light) radius Re ~= 6'' of this early

The magnetic activity in the atmosphere of the Sun, possibly of most other magnetically active late-type stars, is a consequence of the emergence of magnetic flux from the stellar interior. Research in this field has to consider the rise of magnetized plasma from the depths of the convective envelope through the stellar surface and out across the

Context. The energy source powering the solar chromosphere is still undetermined, but leaves its traces in observed intensities. Aims: We investigate the statistics of the intensity distributions as a function of the wavelength for Ca ii H and the Ca ii IR line at 854.2 nm to estimate the energy content in the observed intensity fluctuations

This data paper presents lightcurves of 101 near Earth asteroids (NEAs) observed mostly between 2014 and 2017 as part of the EURONEAR photometric survey using 11 telescopes with diameters between 0.4 and 4.2 m located in Spain, Chile, Slovakia and Romania. Most targets had no published data at the time of observing, but some objects were observed

Introduction: The European Galactic Plane Surveys (EGAPS) will for the first time ever map the complete galactic plane (10x360 degrees) down to 21st magnitude in u', g', r', i' and H-alpha and partly in He I 5875. It will complete a database of ~1 billion objects. The aim of EGAPS is to study populations of short-lived stellar and binary phases in