This volume presents the lectures from the sixteenth Winter School of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, which was dedicated to extrasolar planets. Research into extrasolar planets is one of the most exciting fields of astrophysics, and the past decade has seen research leap from speculations on the existence of planets orbiting other stars to the discovery of around 200 planets to date. The book covers a wide range of issues involved in extrasolar planet research, from the state-of-the-art observational techniques used to detect extrasolar planets, to the characterizations of these planets, and the techniques used in the remote detection of life. It also looks at the insights we can gain from our own Solar System, and how we can apply them to the research of planets in other stellar systems. The contributors, all of high standing in the field, provide a balanced and varied introduction to extrasolar planets for research astronomers and graduate students, with the aim of bridging theoretical developments and observational advances.