Fluorescent X-rays from the surfaces of airless planetary bodies in the inner solar system have been measured by instruments on several spacecraft. MESSENGER carries an X-ray spectrometer (XRS) on-board and has already attempted to obtain fluorescent X-rays from the Hermean surface. BepiColombo will later on carry an X-ray telescope (MIXS-T) along

The observations used in this work were acquired with the new Spectro-Polarimeter for Infrared and Optical Regions (SPINOR; Socas-Navarro et al., 2006SoPh..235...55S) on 2004 June 16. The data set includes two chromospheric lines of the CaII infrared triplet at 849.8 and 854.2nm, recorded by two different cameras, as well as two nearby FeI lines at

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Aims: We report upper limits to the very high energy flux (E>100 GeV) of the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 (z=0.859) derived by the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC during the high states of July/August and November/December 2007. We compare the upper limits derived in both time slots with the available quasi-simultaneous MeV-GeV data from the AGILE

We analyze the single-scattering albedo and phase function, local surface roughness and regolith porosity, and the coherent backscattering, single scattering, and shadowing contributions to the opposition effect for specific lunar mare regions imaged by the SMART-1/AMIE camera. We account for shadowing due to surface roughness and mutual shadowing

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