Context. Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are the most common types of planets outside the Solar System and likely represent the link between terrestrial planets and gas giants. Characterizing their physical and orbital properties and studying their multiplicity are key steps in testing and understanding their formation, migration, and evolution. Aims

The detailed feeding and feedback mechanisms of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are not yet well known. For low-luminosity AGNs, obscured AGNs, and late-type galaxies, the masses of their central black holes (BH) are difficult to determine precisely. Our goal with the GATOS sample is to study the circum-nuclear regions and, in the present work, to

We present the technical details on how large-scale structure (LSS) catalogs are constructed from redshifts measured from spectra observed by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The LSS catalogs provide the information needed to determine the relative number density of DESI tracers as a function of redshift and celestial coordinates

The Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM), part of the Observatorios de Canarias (OCAN) alongside the Observatorio del Teide (OT) on Tenerife, is one of the most important astronomical sites in the world. Together, these observatories host the telescopes and instruments of around 60 institutions from over 20 countries, forming the EU's largest

Dating the ages and weighting the stellar populations in galaxies are essential steps when studying galaxy formation through cosmic times. Evolutionary population synthesis models with different input physics are used for this purpose. Moreover, the contribution from the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stellar phase, which peaks

Context. Close-by Earth analogs and super-Earths are of primary importance because they will be preferential targets for the next generation of direct imaging instruments. Bright and close-by G-to-M type stars are preferential targets in radial velocity surveys to find Earth analogs. Their brightness allows us to achieve the best precision on RV