Pruebas Observacionales de los Procesos de Nucleosíntesis en el Universo

Año de inicio
2004
Unidad organizativa

Subvenciones relacionadas:

    General
    Descripción

    Recientemente se han llevado a cabo varios análisis espectroscópicos de estrellas con planetas. Uno de los resultados más relevantes ha sido descubrir que las estrellas con planetas son en promedio más metálicas que las estrellas del mismo tipo espectral sin planetas conocidos (Santos, Israelian & Mayor 2001, A&A, 373, 1019; 2004, A&A, 415, 1153). Existen dos hipótesis posibles para relacionar el exceso de metalicidad con la presencia de planetas. La primera es la del “autoenriquecimiento” que atribuye el origen de la sobreabundancia de metales observada en estrellas con planetas a la acreción sobre la estrella madre de grandes cantidades de material planetario rocoso, rico en metales y pobre en elementos como H y He. La hipótesis contraria es la principal y considera que el exceso de metales sea debido al alto contenido en metales de la nube protoplanetaria a partir de la cual se formó el sistema estrella-planeta.

    Los elementos ligeros pueden proporcionar información valiosa sobre la mezcla, la difusión y la evolución del momento angular en estrellas con planetas, así como sobre la actividad estelar causada por la interacción con exoplanetas (Santos, Israelian, García López et al. 2004, A&A, 427, 1085; Israelian et al. 2004, A&A, 414, 601). Estudios sobre el berilio, el litio y la razón isotópica 6Li/7Li podrían aportar pruebas para distinguir entre las diferentes teorías de formación planetaria (Sandquist et al. 2002, ApJ, 572, 1012). Israelian et al. encontraron evidencias de la caída de un planeta o de material protoplanetario sobre la estrella HD82943 (2001, Nature, 411, 163; 2003, A&A, 405, 753).

    Si el “autoenriquecimiento” fuera el principal responsable del exceso de metalicidad de las estrellas con planetas, eso implicaría una sobreabundancia relativa de elementos refractarios (Si, Mg, Ca, Ti, etc.) respecto a los volátiles (CNO, S y Zn). Se han llevado a cabo varios estudios espectroscópicos del hierro (Santos et al. 2001, A&A, 373, 1019; 2003, A&A, 398, 363; 2004, A&A, 415, 1153) y de otros elementos (Bodaghee et al 2003, A&A, 404, 715; Ecuvillon, Israelian, Santos et al. 2004, A&A, 418, 703; 2004, A&A, 426, 619; 2006, A&A, 445,633; 2006, A&A, 449, 809; Gilli, Israelian, Ecuvillon, et al. 2006, A&A, 449,723).

    El análisis espectroscópico de estrellas ricas en metales también proporciona información valiosa sobre las tasas de eyección al medio interestelar de elementos químicos producidos por explosiones de supernova en los últimos 10 mil millones de años. Otro método alternativo para investigar los productos de las explosiones de supernova es el estudio de las estrellas compañeras de los sistemas binarios de rayos X.

    1. La correlación planeta-metalicidad se revisa y muestra que la distribución de metalicidad de las estrellas que albergan planetas de baja masa (por debajo de 30 M) es indistinguible de la de la muestra de vecindario solar en términos de distribución de metalicidad.
    2. Encontramos que las correcciones 3D 6Li / 7Li son siempre negativas, lo que demuestra que el análisis 1D LTE puede sobreestimar significativamente la presencia de 6Li (hasta 4.9% puntos) en las atmósferas de estrellas enanas de tipo solar. Aunque la síntesis espectral NLTE 3D implica un esfuerzo computacional extenso, los resultados pueden hacerse accesibles con herra
    3. Hemos analizado el comportamiento de las abundancias químicas de Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, Nd y Eu en la muestra de búsqueda de planetas HARPS-GTO grande y homogénea. Comparamos las relaciones [X / Fe] de tales Elementos en diferentes bandejas de metalicidad y encontramos que los anfitriones de los planetas presentan mayores abundancias de Zn para [Fe / H]
    4. Encontramos que el 100% de la muestra planetaria en HARPS-GTO presenta C / O> 0,4, mientras que el 14% presenta valores de C / O inferiores a 0,4. Con respecto al Mg / Si, todas las estrellas con compañero planetario de baja masa mostraron valores entre uno y dos.

    Publicaciones relacionadas

    • Correcting the spectroscopic surface gravity using transits and asteroseismology. No significant effect on temperatures or metallicities with ARES and MOOG in local thermodynamic equilibrium
      Context. Precise stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, stellar mass, and radius) are crucial for several reasons, amongst which are the precise characterization of orbiting exoplanets and the correct determination of galactic chemical evolution. The atmospheric parameters are extremely important because all the
      Mortier, A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2014
      Número de citas
      75
    • Oxygen abundances in thin and thick disk stars from HARPS
      We present a detailed and uniform study of oxygen abundances in a large sample of solar-type stars. EW measurements were carried out for the [OI] 6300 Å and the OI 6158 Å lines and LTE abundance results for these indicators were obtained in 611 and 535 stars respectively. 411 stars have oxygen derived from both indicators, which allows us to
      Bertran de Lis, S. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      2014
      Número de citas
      0
    • Cu, Ba and Y in FGK main-sequence stars from the HARPS sample
      It is well known that at a given [Fe/H] below solar metallicities the thick disk stars are more enhanced in their alpha -element abundances than the thin disk. We report prelminary results for abundances of Cu, Ba and Y in a sample of 762 stars observed with the HARPS spectrograph. Precise and homogeneous abundance analysis reveals interesting
      Israelian, G. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      2014
      Número de citas
      3
    • The Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars
      Context. The ongoing Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is using FLAMES at the VLT to obtain high-quality medium-resolution Giraffe spectra for about 105 stars and high-resolution UVES spectra for about 5000 stars. With UVES, the Survey has already observed 1447 FGK-type stars. Aims: These UVES spectra are analyzed in parallel by several state-of
      Smiljanic, R. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2014
      Número de citas
      202
    • Spectroscopic parameters for solar-type stars with moderate-to-high rotation. New parameters for ten planet hosts
      Context. Planetary studies demand precise and accurate stellar parameters as input for inferring the planetary properties. Different methods often provide different results that could lead to biases in the planetary parameters. Aims: In this work, we present a refinement of the spectral synthesis technique designed to treat fast rotating stars
      Tsantaki, M. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2014
      Número de citas
      30
    • Exoplanet hosts reveal lithium depletion. Results from a homogeneous statistical analysis
      Aims: We study the impact of the presence of planets on the lithium abundance of host stars and evaluate the previous claim that planet hosts exhibit lithium depletion when compared to their non-host counterparts. Methods: Using previously published lithium abundances, we remove the confounding effect of the different fundamental stellar parameters
      Figueira, P. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2014
      Número de citas
      33
    • The Gaia-ESO Survey: Metallicity of the Chamaeleon I star-forming region
      Context. Recent metallicity determinations in young open clusters and star-forming regions suggest that the latter may be characterized by a slightly lower metallicity than the Sun and older clusters in the solar vicinity. However, these results are based on small statistics and inhomogeneous analyses. The Gaia-ESO Survey is observing and
      Spina, L. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      8
      2014
      Número de citas
      36
    • The Gaia-ESO Survey: the first abundance determination of the pre-main-sequence cluster gamma Velorum
      Context. Knowledge of the abundance distribution of star forming regions and young clusters is critical to investigate a variety of issues, from triggered star formation and chemical enrichment by nearby supernova explosions to the ability to form planetary systems. In spite of this, detailed abundance studies are currently available for relatively
      Spina, L. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      7
      2014
      Número de citas
      42
    • Chemical abundances of stars with brown-dwarf companions
      Context. It is well known that stars with giant planets are, on average, more metal-rich than stars without giant planets, whereas stars with detected low-mass planets do not require to be metal-rich. Aims: With the aim of studying the weak boundary that separates giant planets and brown dwarfs (BDs) and their formation mechanism, we analyze the
      Mata Sánchez, D. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      6
      2014
      Número de citas
      12
    • The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXV. The interesting case of HD 41248: stellar activity, no planets?
      Context. The search for planets orbiting metal-poor stars is of utmost importance for our understanding of planet formation models. However, no dedicated searches have been conducted so far for very low mass planets orbiting such objects. Only a few cases of low-mass planets orbiting metal-poor stars are thus known. Amongst these, HD 41248 is a
      Santos, N. C. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      6
      2014
      Número de citas
      85
    • Gaia FGK benchmark stars: Metallicity
      Context. To calibrate automatic pipelines that determine atmospheric parameters of stars, one needs a sample of stars, or "benchmark stars", with well-defined parameters to be used as a reference. Aims: We provide detailed documentation of the iron abundance determination of the 34 FGK-type benchmark stars that are selected to be the pillars for
      Jofré, P. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      4
      2014
      Número de citas
      257
    • On the origin of stars with and without planets. Tc trends and clues to Galactic evolution
      We explore a sample of 148 solar-like stars to search for a possible correlation between the slopes of the abundance trends versus condensation temperature (known as the Tc slope) with stellar parameters and Galactic orbital parameters in order to understand the nature of the peculiar chemical signatures of these stars and the possible connection
      Adibekyan, V. Zh. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      4
      2014
      Número de citas
      84
    • Searching for solar siblings among the HARPS data
      The search for solar siblings has been particularly fruitful in the past few years. At present, there are four plausible candidates reported in the literature: HIP21158, HIP87382, HIP47399, and HIP92831. In this study we conduct a search for solar siblings among the HARPS high-resolution FGK dwarfs sample, which includes precise chemical abundances
      Batista, S. F. A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      4
      2014
      Número de citas
      11
    • Improved Hubble Space Telescope proper motions for Tycho-G and other stars in the remnant of Tycho's Supernova 1572
      With archival and new Hubble Space Telescope observations, we have refined the space-velocity measurements of the stars in the central region of the remnant of Tycho's supernova (SN) 1572, one of the historical Galactic Type Ia supernova remnants (SNRs). We derived a proper motion for Tycho-G of (μαcos δ; μδ)J2000.0 = (-2.63; -3.98) ± (0.06; 0.04)
      Bedin, L. R. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      3
      2014
      Número de citas
      37
    • Li depletion in solar analogues with exoplanets. Extending the sample
      Aims: We want to study the effects of the formation of planets and planetary systems on the atmospheric Li abundance of planet host stars. Methods: In this work we present new determinations of lithium abundances for 326 main sequence stars with and without planets in the Teff range 5600-5900 K. The 277 stars come from the HARPS sample, the
      Santos, N. C. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      2
      2014
      Número de citas
      98
    • A new procedure for defining a homogenous line-list for solar-type stars
      Context. The homogenization of the stellar parameters is an important goal for large observational spectroscopic surveys, but it is very difficult to achieve it because of the diversity of the spectroscopic analysis methods used within a survey, such as spectrum synthesis and the equivalent width method. To solve this problem, constraints to the
      Mikolaitis, S. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      1
      2014
      Número de citas
      19
    • Orbital and physical properties of planets and their hosts: new insights on planet formation and evolution
      Aims: We explore the relations between physical and orbital properties of planets and properties of their host stars to identify the main observable signatures of the formation and evolution processes of planetary systems. Methods: We used a large sample of FGK dwarf planet-hosting stars with stellar parameters derived in a homogeneous way from the
      Adibekyan, V. Zh. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2013
      Número de citas
      78
    • The SDSS-III APOGEE Radial Velocity Survey of M Dwarfs. I. Description of the Survey and Science Goals
      We are carrying out a large ancillary program with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS-III, using the fiber-fed multi-object near-infrared APOGEE spectrograph, to obtain high-resolution H-band spectra of more than 1200 M dwarfs. These observations will be used to measure spectroscopic rotational velocities, radial velocities, physical stellar
      Deshpande, R. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2013
      Número de citas
      42
    • New and updated stellar parameters for 90 transit hosts. The effect of the surface gravity
      Context. Precise stellar parameters are crucial in exoplanet research for correctly determining the planetary parameters. For stars hosting a transiting planet, determining the planetary mass and radius depends on the stellar mass and radius, which in turn depend on the atmospheric stellar parameters. Different methods can provide different results
      Mortier, A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2013
      Número de citas
      89
    • New and updated stellar parameters for 71 evolved planet hosts. On the metallicity-giant planet connection<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">⋆<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">⋆⋆
      Context. It is still being debated whether the well-known metallicity-giant planet correlation for dwarf stars is also valid for giant stars. For this reason, having precise metallicities is very important. Precise stellar parameters are also crucial to planetary research for several other reasons. Different methods can provide different results
      Mortier, A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      9
      2013
      Número de citas
      89

    Charlas relacionadas

    No se han encontrado charlas relacionadas.

    Congresos relacionados

    No se han encontrado congresos relacionados.