Bibcode
Balick, B.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Kwitter, K. B.; Henry, R. B. C.
Bibliographical reference
Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae VI conference, Proceedings of the conference held 4-8 November, 2013. Edited by C. Morisset, G. Delgado-Inglada and S. Torres-Peimbert. Online at http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/apn6/PROCEEDINGS/, id. #115
Advertised on:
4
2014
Citations
0
Refereed citations
0
Description
Spectroscopic data of two relatively [O III]-luminous -PNe have been
obtained with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias. M174 and M2496 are
each ˜1 degree from the center of M31 along opposite sides of its
minor axis. The ensemble of these two distant PNe plus 16 similarly
luminous outer-disk PNe published earlier (Kwitter et al. 2012 &
2013) forms a homogeneous group in luminosity, metal content, progenitor
mass, age, and kinematics. The main factual findings of our work are:
(1) O/H (and other low-mass alpha elements and their ratios to O) is
uniformly solar-like in all 18 PNe <12+log(O/H)>= 8.62 ±
0.14); (2) the general sky distribution and kinematics of the ensemble
much more closely resemble the rotation pattern of the classical disk of
M31 than its halo or bulge; (3) the O/H gradient is surprisingly flat
beyond Rg ˜30 kpc, and may be flat throughout the entire range of
Rg covered in the full study. The PNe are too metal-rich to be bona fide
members of M31’s disk or halo, and (4) the abundance patterns of
the sample are distinct from those in the spiral galaxies M33, M81, and
NGC 300. Using standard PN age diagnostic methods (which are readily
challengeable) we suggest that all of the PNe formed ˜ 2 GY ago in
a starburst of metal-rich ISM that followed an M31–M33 encounter
about 3 GY ago. We review supporting evidence from stellar studies.
Other more prosaic explanations, such as dwarf galaxy assimilation, are
unlikely.