La cosmología actual se encuentra en constante cambio debido a los nuevos descubrimientos en una gran variedad de campos de la física y astrofísica modernas. Parte de estos hallazgos se deben al efecto lente gravitatoria que, entre otras cosas, proporciona información detallada sobre la composición de las galaxias y de sus velocidades peculiares

El Sol es una estrella con un magnetismo activo, si bien no de los más extremos, pero que tiene claras manifestaciones en toda su atmósfera. Los campos magnéticos dominan las capas más externas, como puede ser la corona y la heliosfera, dando lugar a eventos extremadamente energéticos como llamaradas, erupciones de masa coronal y tormentas solares

The population of black widows, binary systems containing a millisecond pulsar and a very low-mass companion star exposed to the high-energy pulsar wind, has grown exponentially in the past few years. The number of black widow candidates is now over 30 systems, but only 14 have been confirmed so far. Their relevance in analysing the extremes of the

Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopy (for example, refs. 1,2) provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen-

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy 1-4. However, these efforts have been hampered by modelling degeneracies between composition and cloud properties that are caused by limited data quality 5-9. Here we present the transmission spectrum