The instrumentation and observational programs of the Solar Physics Department of the Main Astronomical Observatory are described. The observatory has two solar horizontal telescopes. The first one is the 44 cm telescope located near Kyiv. This telescope has a spectrograph with a double pass system. It was designed for low scattered light and high spectral resolution. The second one is installed at Terskol High-Altitude Station in the Central Caucasus, at an altitude of 3100 m. This 65 cm telescope with its spectrograph is used for simultaneous photoelectric and photographic measurements of five solar spectral regions in the range from 3000 Angstroms to 12000 Angstroms. One of the scientific programs consists in the observation of solar irradiance fluctuations with the DIFOS photometer aboard the Ukraine-Russian satellite CORONAS-I, which was launched on March 2, 1994. These space observations will be continued during the new mission CORONAS-F.