The use of non-cryogenic certified commercial electronics for cryogenic applications may be attractive due to their cost and availability, but it also carries risks related to reliability, performance and thermal compatibility. The decision to use commercial components that are not certified for cryogenics instead of components specifically

Context. The study of substructure is an important step in determining how galaxy clusters form. Aims. We aim to gain new insights into the controversial dynamical status of MACS J0329–0211 (MACS0329), a massive cluster at z = 0.4503 ± 0.0003, through a new analysis using a large sample of member galaxies as kinematic tracers. Methods. Our analysis

Context. Hot Jupiters are giant planets subject to intense stellar radiation. The physical and chemical properties of their atmosphere make them the most amenable targets for atmospheric characterization. Aims. In this paper we analyze the photometry collected during the secondary eclipses of the hot Jupiter WASP-3 b by CHEOPS, TESS, and Spitzer