The European Solar Telescope (EST) aims to significantly improve our capabilities to observe the solar chromosphere and understanding the solar chromosphere represents one of the most challenging tasks in solar physics. EST incorporates the most innovative technology, with a simple and efficient design, and the most advanced instrumentation to

To deepen our knowledge of the early history of the Milky Way, it is of particular interest to investigate the orbital and chemical properties of the most metal-poor stars, which are commonly associated with the oldest stars in our Universe. With the advent of astrometric (Gaia), spectroscopic (APOGEE, GALAH, LAMOST, Gaia-RVS), and photometric

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) encode information about the stellar populations within galaxies. By investigating the properties of these stars, such as their ages, masses, and metallicities, we can gain insights into the underlying physical processes that drive the growth and transformation of galaxies over cosmic time. For this purpose, we