Bibcode
                                    
                            Crivellari, L.
    Bibliographical reference
                                    European Journal of Physics, Volume 37, Issue 5, pp. 055405 (2016).
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                        9
            
                        2016
            
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                            Description
                                    This paper reviews Ladenburg’s development of the phenomenological
theory of radiative transitions between the stationary states of an atom
put forward by Einstein in 1917. The historical background as well as
the far reaching outcomes of his work are considered and discussed;
among them the Kramers–Heisenberg quantum dispersion theory that
paved the way to Heisenberg’s formulation of matrix mechanics and
the quantum-mechanical calculation of the spectral line profiles.