This conference presentation was prepared for the Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IX conference at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022.

Being the NRT 1 an international collaboration to design and build a leading astronomical facility, it will be focused in the optical and near infrared ranges for the emergent area of time domain astronomy. This will rely on the mix of a large collecting area (4 m diameter), quick response (<30 s), and full robotic operation. The Telescope Level

The effects of atmospheric dispersion on the performance of astronomical Adaptive Optics (AO) were already described in the 70's, and they are generally regarded irrelevant to nighttime AO, except for the very specific case of Extreme AO for the next generation of 30 and 40-m class large ground-based telescopes. However, the situation changes when

Tightly connect tubes used for the circulation of cryogenic fluids is a task that requires some thought and technical experience. ESO is intensively using liquid nitrogen either to pre-cool large infrared instruments or to keep most of the optical and some IR detectors at cryogenic operating temperature. A solid experience has been gained with many

Text-based requirements management tools are widely used in engineering today. The concept behind it is quite simple, but this simplicity does not mean that these tools are affordable. In most cases, the cost of a requirements management tool license is similar to the cost of a CAD software license, the latter pertaining to a much more complex

The European Solar Telescope is a 4-m class solar telescope planned to include a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system (MCAO) for high spatial resolution over a circular field of view with 60" diameter. MCAO systems constitute a very complex and still not mature technology in both optical and control terms. To deal with this issue, a downscaled