Bibcode
Gillanders, J. H.; Huber, M. E.; Nicholl, M.; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, K. W.; Chambers, K. C.; Young, D. R.; Tweddle, J. W.; Srivastav, S.; Fulton, M. D.; Stoppa, F.; Paek, G. S. H.; Aamer, A.; Alarcon, M. R.; Andersson, A.; Aryan, A.; Auchettl, K.; Chen, T.-W.; de Boer, T.; Kong, A. K. H.; Licandro, J.; Lowe, T.; Magill, D.; Magnier, E. A.; Minguez, P.; Moore, T.; Pignata, G.; Rest, A.; Serra-Ricart, M.; Shappee, B. J.; Smith, I. A.; Tucker, M. A.; Wainscoat, R.
Bibliographical reference
The Astrophysical Journal
Advertised on:
12
2025
Journal
Citations
7
Refereed citations
0
Description
Kilonovae are the scientifically rich—but observationally elusive—optical transient phenomena associated with compact binary mergers. Only a handful of events have been discovered to date, all through multiwavelength (gamma-ray) and multimessenger (gravitational-wave) signals. Given their scarcity, it is important to maximise the discovery possibility of new kilonova events. To this end, we present our follow-up observations of the gravitational-wave signal S250818k—a plausible binary neutron star merger at a distance of 237 ± 62 Mpc. Pan-STARRS tiled 286 and 318 deg2 (32% and 34% of the 90% sky localisation region) within 3 and 7 days of the GW signal, respectively. ATLAS covered 65% of the sky map within 3 days, but with lower sensitivity. These observations uncovered 47 new transients; however, none were deemed to be linked to S250818k. We undertook an expansive follow-up campaign of AT2025ulz, the purported counterpart to S250818k. The griz-band light curve, combined with our redshift measurement (z = 0.0849 ± 0.0003), all indicate that SN2025ulz is a type IIb supernova and thus not the counterpart to S250818k. We rule out the presence of an AT2017gfo-like kilonova within ≍27% of the distance posterior sampled by our Pan-STARRS pointings (≍9.1% across the total 90% 3D sky localisation). We demonstrate that early observations are optimal for probing the distance posterior of the 3D gravitational-wave sky map, and that SN2025ulz was a plausible kilonova candidate for ≲5 days, before ultimately being ruled out.