Precise and accurate mass calibration is required to exploit galaxy clusters as astrophysical and cosmological probes in the Euclid era. Systematic errors in lensing signals by galaxy clusters can be empirically estimated by comparing different surveys with independent and uncorrelated systematics. To assess the robustness of the lensing results to

Context. Ultra hot Jupiters (gas giants with T eq > 2000 K) are intriguing exoplanets due to the extreme physics and chemistry present in their atmospheres. Their torrid daysides can be characterised using ground-based high-resolution emission spectroscopy. Aims. We search for signatures of neutral and singly ionised iron (Fe I and Fe II

Multiple cluster systems, that is superclusters, contain large numbers of galaxies assembled in clusters interconnected by multi-scale filamentary networks. As such, superclusters are a smaller version of the cosmic web and can hence be considered as miniature universes. In addition to the galaxies, superclusters also contain gas, which is hot in

Aims. We investigate how to quantitatively model the observed differential image motion (DIM) in relative astrometric observations. Methods. As a test bed we used differential astrometric observations from the FORS2 camera of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) obtained during 2010–2019 under several programs of observations of southern brown dwarfs

C-complex asteroids are dark, low-albedo objects, mainly containing carbon components. Their spectra are usually featureless, especially in the visible-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths. However, for some taxonomic types, absorption has been found in the near-UV (NUV) range. Laboratory studies have shown similarities to spectra of chondrite

We report the first spatially resolved detection of the near-infrared [C I] λ8727 emission from the outer pair of low-ionization structures in the planetary nebula NGC 7009 from data obtained by the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer integral field unit. This atomic carbon emission marks the transition zone between ionized and neutral gas and for