In the standard disc galaxy formation model, the sizes of galactic discs are tightly related to the spin parameters λ of their dark matter haloes. The model has been wildly adopted by various semi-analytical galaxy formation models which have been extremely successful to interpret a large body of observational data. However, the size-λ correlation

We present Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) and Submillimeter Array (SMA) follow-up observations of four candidate high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies, selected as sources with rising spectral energy distributions in the 250, 350, and 500 μm Herschel SPIRE bands. Previous SMA observations showed no counterparts to these

The shortest-period binary star system known to date, RX J0806.3+1527 (HM Cancri), has now been observed in the optical for more than two decades. Although it is thought to be a double degenerate binary undergoing mass transfer, an early surprise was that its orbital frequency, f 0, is currently increasing as the result of gravitational wave

We report the discovery and characterisation of two Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 1002 based on the analysis of the radial-velocity (RV) time series from the ESPRESSO and CARMENES spectrographs. The host star is the quiet M5.5 V star GJ 1002 (relatively faint in the optical, V ~ 13.8 mag, but brighter in

Vortex flows, related to solar convective turbulent dynamics at granular scales and their interplay with magnetic fields within intergranular lanes, occur abundantly on the solar surface and in the atmosphere above. Their presence is revealed in high-resolution and high-cadence solar observations from the ground and from space and with state-of-the

Numerical simulations within a cold dark matter (DM) cosmology form haloes whose density profiles have a steep inner slope ('cusp'), yet observations of galaxies often point towards a flat central 'core'. We develop a convolutional mixture density neural network model to derive a probability density function (PDF) of the inner density slopes of DM