We evaluate the nature of bulges in the Hubble sequence, based on an analysis of 216 disk galaxies of all morphological types (S0-Sd). For this purpose we collect our various analysis made separately for early and late-type galaxies, published in a series of papers. Using the criteria by Kormendy & Kennicutt we find strong evidence of pseudobulges

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The main goal of this work is to calculate the contributions of bound-bound transitions of helium to the cosmological recombination spectrum. We show that helium in the early Universe causes unique features to appear in the total cosmological recombination spectrum. These may provide a unique observational possibility to determine the relative

We have carried out a kinematical and stellar population analysis of the double-barred galaxy NGC357 to provide a more complete characterization of these systems and their role in the formation of galaxy bulges. We clearly identify the presence of the inner bar in the radial velocity and velocity dispersion profiles. The age, metallicity and [Mg/Fe

We present a study of the internal kinematics and stellar populations of early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster. 10 galaxies in a luminosity range of -21.8≤MB≤-17.4 were observed with the integral field units (IFU) of Gemini South GMOS and VLT-VIMOS. Velocity maps and age-metallicity diagrams are presented for NGC 1404 and NGC 1419.