A statistical study of the geometrical Wilson effect
An analysis has been carried out of the center-to-limb variation of the apparent sizes of the umbra, penumbra, and whole spot. It has revealed that the umbral size decreases with height. This result is interpreted in terms of the penumbral geometrical height scale. A value of 230 km, which is larger than that of the photosphere or the umbra
Collados, M. et al.
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9
1987