Sulphur is the tenth most abundant element in the Universe and plays an im-portant role in studies of the chemical enrichment and star formation history of distant galaxies. Due to the lack of suitable sulphur lines in the visible part of stellar spectra there is, however, still no agreement on the abundance of sulphur in Galactic metal poor stars

We present the main research activities of the IAC research Group ``Stellar Populations in Galaxies'', with emphasis on the topics that are directly related to planned research using the GTC.

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Several recent experiments have shown evidence for the existence of a new microwave emission process in our Galaxy (in the range 10-60 GHz) that may affect the ability to infer cosmological parameters from the Cosmic Microwave Background with the aimed precision of 1%.

This document describes the scientific case for a wide-field 6.5-m spectroscopic telescope. The key scientific aims are linked to two different modes of operation: 1) Study the detailed astrophysics of extended systems via high-quality, medium-resolution spectroscopy using multiple Integral Field Units (IFU) and 2) Study the structure of the