The formational and evolutionary history of natural satellites, their mineralogical composition and other phenomena of scientific interest are discussed. Key scientific questions about IO, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa are posed and the measurements and instruments required for a Galilean satellite lander in the 1980's are described.

Abstract image available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977MNRAS.180..461S

Abstract image available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977A&A....60..109S

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A Michelson interferometer has been built for use with the 91-cm telescope on NASA's Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory primarily to measure IR line emission from H II regions. Operation is in the rapid scan mode, and the achievable resolution is 0.02/cm in the wavelength range from 10 to around 300 microns. A minicomputer is used to provide on

The spectral emission of the lower stratosphere in the far infrared region (100-140/cm) has been measured with a high resolution (0.02/cm) Michelson interferometer from the Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory flying at 13 km altitude. The observed spectra are compared with synthetic emission spectra in order to perform the line assignment. Most