Sunspot irradiance deficit, facular excess, and the energy balance of solar active regions.
Plage areas and intensities derived from CaIIK spectroheliograms are used as a proxy for the facular irradiance excess of solar active regions for the period 19 August to 4 September 1980. Applying a calibration method proposed by Vrsnak et al. (1991) and adopting it for photometrically measured plage intensities, the "Photospheric Facular Index"
Haupt, H. F. et al.
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1996