Upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments aim to detect primordial gravitational waves with unprecedented sensitivity. Effective foreground removal is essential to avoid biases in the measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) in this high-precision regime. Recent analyses highlight the unexpected complexity of synchrotron emission

Despite early theoretical expectations that large-scale, massive outflows would be triggered by accretion onto black holes and neutron stars, their presence was not firmly established until the 2000s. Since then, these accretion disc winds have been recognised as a common, perhaps ubiquitous, feature of accretion discs in X-ray binaries. Over the

Spectroscopic surveys have identified significant numbers of metal-poor nitrogen-rich (N-rich) field stars. These stars are strong candidates for escapees from globular clusters (GCs), as their distinctive nitrogen enhancement mirrors the chemical patterns observed in some of the members of GCs. As part of the effort to characterize their

The unprecedented rest-frame UV and optical coverage provided by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) enables simultaneous constraints on the electron density ( $n_{\rm e}$) and temperature ( $T_{\rm e}$) of ionized gas in galaxies at $z\,\gt\,5$. We present a self-consistent direct method based on multiple O III] ( $\lambda \lambda$1661, 1666) and [O

Dynamical mass measurements of compact stars in X-ray transients demand the detection of optical/near-infrared counterparts in quiescence. Out of the 73 black hole candidates in X-ray transients, optical and near-infrared quiescent counterparts have only been identified for 34 objects. We present ULTRACAM photometric observations of nine candidate

Context. The Galactic black hole candidate MAXI J1810−222 was recently reported to exhibit a notable absorption spectral feature at around 1 keV in low-resolution X-ray spectra from detectors resembling charge-coupled devices. The feature is typically correlated with the spectral state of the source being stronger in the soft states, as often