Gliese 49: activity evolution and detection of a super-Earth. A HADES and CARMENES collaboration

Bibcode
2019A&A...624A.123P
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201935192
Perger, M.; Scandariato, G.; Ribas, I.; Morales, J. C.; Affer, L.; Azzaro, M.; Amado, P. J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Baroch, D.; Barrado, D.; Bauer, F. F.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Caballero, J. A.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Damasso, M.; Dreizler, S.; González-Cuesta, L.; González Hernández, J. I.; Guenther, E. W.; Henning, T.; Herrero, E.; Jeffers, S. V.; Kaminski, A.; Kürster, M.; Lafarga, M.; Leto, G.; López-González, M. J.; Maldonado, J.; Micela, G.; Montes, D.; Pinamonti, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rebolo, R.; Reiners, A.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Sozzetti, A.; Suárez Mascareño, A.; Toledo-Padrón, B.; Zanmar Sánchez, R.; Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Zechmeister, M.
Bibliographical reference

Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 624, id.A123, 19 pp.

Advertised on:
4
2019
Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Number of authors
43
IAC number of authors
6
Citations
20
Refereed citations
18
Description
Context. Small planets around low-mass stars often show orbital periods in a range that corresponds to the temperate zones of their host stars which are therefore of prime interest for planet searches. Surface phenomena such as spots and faculae create periodic signals in radial velocities and in observational activity tracers in the same range, so they can mimic or hide true planetary signals. Aims: We aim to detect Doppler signals corresponding to planetary companions, determine their most probable orbital configurations, and understand the stellar activity and its impact on different datasets. Methods: We analyzed 22 yr of data of the M1.5 V-type star Gl 49 (BD+61 195) including HARPS-N and CARMENES spectrographs, complemented by APT2 and SNO photometry. Activity indices are calculated from the observed spectra, and all datasets are analyzed with periodograms and noise models. We investigated how the variation of stellar activity imprints on our datasets. We further tested the origin of the signals and investigate phase shifts between the different sets. To search for the best-fit model we maximize the likelihood function in a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Results: As a result of this study, we are able to detect the super-Earth Gl 49b with a minimum mass of 5.6 M⊕. It orbits its host star with a period of 13.85 d at a semi-major axis of 0.090 au and we calculate an equilibrium temperature of 350 K and a transit probability of 2.0%. The contribution from the spot-dominated host star to the different datasets is complex, and includes signals from the stellar rotation at 18.86 d, evolutionary timescales of activity phenomena at 40-80 d, and a long-term variation of at least four years. Based on observations made with the Italian TNG, operated on the island of La Palma, Spain; the CARMENES instrument installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory, Spain; the robotic APT2 located at Serra La Nave on Mt. Etna, Italy; and the T90 telescope at Sierra Nevada Observatory, Spain.Full Table A.1 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A123
Related projects
Discovery of a system of super-Earths orbiting the star HD 176986 with about 5.7 and 9.2 Earth masses.
Very Low Mass Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Planets

Our goal is to study the processes that lead to the formation of low mass stars, brown dwarfs and planets and to characterize the physical properties of these objects in various evolutionary stages. Low mass stars and brown dwarfs are likely the most numerous type of objects in our Galaxy but due to their low intrinsic luminosity they are not so

Rafael
Rebolo López
In progress
Projects' name image
Exoplanets and Astrobiology

The search for life in the universe has been driven by recent discoveries of planets around other stars (known as exoplanets), becoming one of the most active fields in modern astrophysics. The growing number of new exoplanets discovered in recent years and the recent advance on the study of their atmospheres are not only providing new valuable

Enric
Pallé Bago
In progress
ARES: High Spectral Resolution
ARES: High Spectral Resolution

ARES (High Spectral Resolution) is a coordinated project which attempt to join and consolidate the efforts on instrument developments at high spectral resolution within the IAC. The goal is to launch the scientific programs that the IAC carries out on the search and characterization of exoplanets, in particular Earth-like exoplanets, on the

Jonay Isai
González Hernández
In progress
Type
Refereed
Techniques
Methods
Stellar & Interstellar Physics (FEEI)
Exoplanetary Systems & Solar System (SEYSS)
Infrared instrumentation
Visible instrumentation

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