# Evolution of Galaxies

Start year
2011
Organizational Unit
Organizing institutions

### Grants related:

General
Description

Galaxy evolution is a crucial topic in modern extragalactic astrophysics, linking cosmology to the Local Universe. Their study requires collecting statistically significant samples of galaxies of different luminosities at different distances. It implies the ability to observe faint objects using different techniques, and at different wavelengths, from the centimetre regime to gamma-rays, noy only for comprehensively studying different physical processes, and constraining the spectral energy distribution of the targets, but due to the redshift of the distant galaxies.

The project presented here is aimed to the scientific exploitation of a set of galaxy surveys, of the same areas of the sky, at different wavelengths, that form the database called "Evolución". This database is composed by the surveys OTELO and GLACE, of galaxies in field and clusters, respectively, obtained using the optical Tunable Filters of the instrument OSIRIS of the 10.4m GTC; the survey Lockman SpReSO, composed of optical spectra of galaxies obtained with the OSIRIS instrument at the GTC; and PEP, a survey of Far Infrared images obtained using the ESA Herschel spatial observatory. This database is enriched with ancillary data encompassing from the centimeter regimen (using VLA) through the X-Ray (using the ESA facility XMM).

In this way, "Evolución" provides, for thousands of galaxies, the emission line fluxes of different elements, together with their morphologies and continuum in the optical, NIR, FIR and X-ray, from redshifts ranging from z = 0.4 up to 7.0. GLACE, the survey of clusters using the same techniques and wavelengths than OTELO, allow studying the evolution of cluster galaxies, comparing it with that derived from field ones using OTELO. With these surveys the team is tackling several critical aspects of galaxy evolution such as the evolution of star formation rates (SFR), metallicity, bolometric luminosity, extinction, and the accretion power of active galactic nuclei, among others, with cosmic time and environmental density, for even the faintest or the more distant galaxies observable with the currently existing facilities. Also, the combination of deep observations at different wavelengths, will allow shedding light on the relations among the different objects of the zoo observed at high redshift, which is still largely at stake.

Principal investigator
Project staff
Dr.
Collaborators
Dr.
E. Alfaro
Dr.
B. Altieri
Dr.
D. Coia
Dr.
L Metcalfe
Dr.
A.M. Pérez García
Dr.
R.M. Pérez Martínez
Dr.
I. Valtchanov
Dr.
M. Sánchez Portal
Dr.
B. Vila
Dr.
I. Pintos Castro
Dr.
J. A. de Diego
Dr.
J. Gallego
Dr.
I. González Serrano

Obtaining the final OTELO catalogue corresponding to the first pointing, has been a milestone for the project. This catalogue represents the deepest extragalactic emission line survey so far obtained, and includes astrometry, and correlated ancillary data ranging from X-Rays to radio (cm). Deriving photometric redshifts and morphologies (using HST/ACS data) will allow the team to tackle the scientific exploitation of this survey. A Lyman-α candidate at a redshift larger than 6 is shown in the image below.

### Related publications

• Nonsequential neural network for simultaneous, consistent classification, and photometric redshifts of OTELO galaxies

Context. Computational techniques are essential for mining large databases produced in modern surveys with value-added products. Aims: This paper presents a machine learning procedure to carry out a galaxy morphological classification and photometric redshift estimates simultaneously. Currently, only a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting has

de Diego, J. A. et al.

11
2021
• The miniJPAS survey: A preview of the Universe in 56 colors

The Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) will scan thousands of square degrees of the northern sky with a unique set of 56 filters using the dedicated 2.55 m Javalambre Survey Telescope (JST) at the Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory. Prior to the installation of the main camera (4.2 deg2 field-of-view with

Bonoli, S. et al.

9
2021
• The OTELO survey. Revealing a population of low-luminosity active star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.9

Aims: We study a sample of Hβ emission line sources at z ∼ 0.9 to identify the star-forming galaxies sample and characterise them in terms of line luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate, and morphology. The final aim is to obtain the Hβ luminosity function of the star-forming galaxies at this redshift. Methods: We used the red tunable filter

Navarro Martínez, Rocío et al.

9
2021
• The OTELO Survey: The Star Formation Rate Evolution of Low-mass Galaxies

We present the analysis of a sample of Hα, Hβ, and [O II] emission line galaxies from the OTELO survey, with masses typically below $\mathrm{log}({M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot })\sim 9.4$ and redshifts between z ~ 0.4 and 1.43. We study the star formation rate, star formation rate density, and their number density and evolution with redshift. We obtain a

Cedrés, Bernabé et al.

7
2021
• The OTELO survey. Faint end of the luminosity function of [O II]3727 emitters at ⟨z⟩ = 1.43

Aims: In this paper, we aim to study the main properties and luminosity function (LF) of the [O II]3727 emitters detected in the OTELO survey in order to characterise the star formation processes in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 1.43 and to constrain the faint-end of the LF. Methods: Here, we describe the selection method and analysis of the emitters

Cedrés, B. et al.

5
2021
• The OTELO survey as a morphological probe. Last ten Gyr of galaxy evolution. The mass-size relation up to z = 2

Context. The morphology of galaxies provide us with a unique tool for relating and understanding other physical properties and their changes over the course of cosmic time. It is only recently that we have been afforded access to a wealth of data for an unprecedented number galaxies thanks to large and deep surveys. Aims: We present the

3
2021
• GLACE survey: Galaxy activity in ZwCl0024+1652 cluster from strong optical emission lines

Although ZwCl0024+1652 galaxy cluster at z ∼ 0.4 has been thoroughly analysed, it lacks a comprehensive study of star formation and nuclear activity of its members. With GaLAxy Cluster Evolution (GLACE) survey, a total of 174 H α emission-line galaxies (ELGs) were detected, most of them having [N II]. We reduced and analysed a set of [O III] and H

2
2021
• Galaxy classification: deep learning on the OTELO and COSMOS databases

Context. The accurate classification of hundreds of thousands of galaxies observed in modern deep surveys is imperative if we want to understand the universe and its evolution. Aims: Here, we report the use of machine learning techniques to classify early- and late-type galaxies in the OTELO and COSMOS databases using optical and infrared

de Diego, José A. et al.

6
2020
• The OTELO survey. Nature and mass-metallicity relation for Hα emitters at z ∼ 0.4

Context. A sample of low-mass Hα emission line sources at z ∼ 0.4 was studied in the context of the mass-metallicty relation (MZR) and its possible evolution. We drew our sample from the OSIRIS Tunable Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey, which exploits the red tunable filter of OSIRIS at the Gran Telescopio Canarias to perform a blind narrow-band

4
2020
• The OTELO survey. A case study of [O III] λ4959,5007 emitters at ⟨z⟩ = 0.83

Context. The OSIRIS Tunable Filter Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey is a very deep, blind exploration of a selected region of the Extended Groth Strip and is designed for finding emission-line sources (ELSs). The survey design, observations, data reduction, astrometry, and photometry, as well as the correlation with ancillary data used to obtain

Bongiovanni, Ángel et al.

3
2020
• The OTELO survey. III. Demography, morphology, IR luminosity and environment of AGN hosts

Aims: We take advantage of the capabilities of the OSIRIS Tunable Emission Line Object (OTELO) survey to select and study the AGN population in the field. In particular, we aim to perform an analysis of the properties of these objects, including their demography, morphology, and IR luminosity. Focusing on the population of Hα emitters at z ̃ 0.4

Ramón-Pérez, Marina et al.

11
2019
• Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to z ̃ 1. III. The stellar content of the quiescent galaxy population during the last 8 Gyr

Aims: We aim at constraining the stellar population properties of quiescent galaxies. These properties reveal how these galaxies evolved and assembled since z ̃ 1 up to the present time. Methods: Combining the ALHAMBRA multi-filter photo-spectra with the fitting code for spectral energy distribution MUFFIT (MUlti-Filter FITting), we built a

Díaz-García, L. A. et al.

11
2019
• Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to z ̃ 1. II. Stellar content of quiescent galaxies within the dust-corrected stellar mass-colour and the UVJ colour-colour diagrams

Aims: Our aim is to determine the distribution of stellar population parameters (extinction, age, metallicity, and star formation rates) of quiescent galaxies within the rest-frame stellar mass-colour diagrams and UVJ colour-colour diagrams corrected for extinction up to z ̃ 1. These novel diagrams reduce the contamination in samples of quiescent

Díaz-García, L. A. et al.

11
2019
• The OTELO survey. II. The faint-end of the Hα luminosity function at z ̃ 0.40

Aims: We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the Hα luminosity function (LF) at z ̃ 0.40. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is

Ramón-Pérez, Marina et al.

11
2019
• The OTELO survey. I. Description, data reduction, and multi-wavelength catalogue

Context. The evolution of galaxies through cosmic time is studied observationally by means of extragalactic surveys. The usefulness of these surveys is greatly improved by increasing the cosmological volume, in either depth or area, and by observing the same targets in different wavelength ranges. A multi-wavelength approach using different

Bongiovanni, Ángel et al.

11
2019
• A multiwavelength analysis of a collection of short-duration GRBs observed between 2012 and 2015

We investigate the prompt emission and the afterglow properties of short-duration gamma-ray burst (sGRB) 130603B and another eight sGRB events during 2012-2015, observed by several multiwavelength facilities including the Gran Canarias Telescope 10.4 m telescope. Prompt emission high energy data of the events were obtained by INTEGRAL-SPI-ACS

Pandey, S. B. et al.

6
2019
• A morphological study of galaxies in ZwCl0024+1652, a galaxy cluster at redshift z ˜ 0.4

The well-known cluster of galaxies ZwCl0024+1652 at z ˜ 0.4 lacks an in-depth morphological classification of its central region. While previous studies provide a visual classification of a patched area, we used the public code called galaxy Support Vector Machine (GALSVM) and HST/ACS data as well as the WFP2 master catalogue to automatically

5
2019
• J-PLUS: The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey

The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS ) is an ongoing 12-band photometric optical survey, observing thousands of square degrees of the Northern Hemisphere from the dedicated JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre (OAJ). The T80Cam is a camera with a field of view of 2 deg2 mounted on a telescope with a

Cenarro, A. J. et al.

2
2019
• ALMA Observations of the Molecular Gas in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3557

We present the results of CO interferometric observations of the southern elliptical galaxy NGC 3557 with ALMA. We have detected both the CO(1–0) emission line and a relatively strong continuum at 3 mm. The continuum shows a flat-spectrum central unresolved source (at our angular resolution of 0.″7) and two jets, associated with the larger-scale

Vila-Vilaro, B. et al.

1
2019
• The multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) observations automatized production line

OSIRIS (Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy) Multi-Object Spectroscopy (MOS) observing mode is available to the science community of the GTC (Gran Telescopio Canarias) from early 2014. The MOS production line allows the researchers to specify a MOS observation in a self-contained way by using a

Vaz Cedillo, J. J. et al.