Exoplanetas y Astrobiología

    General
    Descripción

    La búsqueda de vida en el Universo se ha visto impulsada por los recientes descubrimientos de planetas alrededor de otras estrellas (los llamados exoplanetas), convirtiéndose en uno de los campos más activos dentro de la Astrofísica moderna. En los últimos años los descubrimientos cada vez más numerosos de nuevos exoplanetas y los últimos avances en el estudio de sus atmósferas no sólo están dándonos valiosa nueva información sobre sus propiedades físicas, sino que nos están permitiendo además poner las propiedades de los planetas de nuestro Sistema Solar dentro un contexto más global. El campo esta acercándose al importante descubrimiento de los primeros planetas potencialmente habitables, impulsando estudios más detallados de estos planetas. Con el lanzamiento de las nuevas misiones como JWST, CHEOPS, TESS, ARIEL o PLATO, al campo de exoplanetas se le plantea un futuro muy excitante.

    Es por esta razon que este campo se ayuda de y, a su vez motiva, el desarrollo de instrumentación cada vez más sensible y estable tanto para telescopios de tierra como para las misiones espaciales. Dos frentes para los que nuestro grupo esta especialmente preparado. Por un lado, durante los ultimos años hemos desarrollado tecnicas de observacion y reduccion de transitos de exoplanetas para los telescopios del ORM, siendo el nuestro uno de los grupos mas productivos en la explotacion de GTC. Por otro lado, todas las misiones espaciales ESA (presentes y futuras) relacionadas con exoplanetas cuentan con uno o varios de los componentes del proyecto como CoIs.

    En el marco de este proyecto, pretendemos que los investigadores del IAC mantengan una situación aventajada con la explotación de OSIRIS y EMIR, instrumentos de primera luz de GTC, y participen en la construcción, comisionado y operación de nuevos instrumentos, como el espectrografo óptico de alta resolución HORUS en el GTC. La explotacion de la fotometria y espectroscopia de transitos con LIRIS en el WHT es tambien uno de nuestros principales intereses, especialmente en preparacion de la instalacion en 2015 del instrumento EMIR en el GTC.

    En resumen, el proyecto "Exoplanetas y Astrobiologia" se centrará entorno a estas cuatro lineas principales de actuacion:

    1) Caracterización de las propiedades fisicas y atmosfericas de exoplanetas (GTC, WHT, HARPSN, CARMENES, ESPRESSO, ARIEL etc.)

    2) Búsquedas y confirmacion de exoplanetas por transitos (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, CHEOPS, XO, LCOGT, WFC, PLATO, etc.)

    3) Busquedas/ confirmacion de exoplanetas por velocidad radial (HARPSN, HORUS, LCOGT, SONG, CARMENES)

    4) Astrobiología

    Investigador principal
    Personal del proyecto
    1. Deteccion de He en la atmosfera de un exoplaneta por primera vez, publicado en Science.
    2. Deteccion de un planeta entorno a la estrella de Barnard, publicado en Nature
    3. Deteccion de los primeros planetas del la mision TESS, con varios articulos de impacto
    4. Descubrimiento de rasgos de Na y Halpha en el espectro de KELT-20b con el TNG
    5. Publicación del Handbook of Exoplanets, la obra de referencia más extenso en el campo de los exoplanetas. Este Manual fue editado por miembros de nuestro grupo e incluye contribuciones de unos 300 expertos en todo el mundo, incluidos 12 miembros de IAC.

    Publicaciones relacionadas

    • Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b with ESPRESSO
      Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters are excellent laboratories for the study of exoplanetary atmospheres. WASP-121b is one of the most studied; many recent analyses of its atmosphere report interesting features at different wavelength ranges. Aims: In this paper we analyze one transit of WASP-121b acquired with the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO at
      Borsa, F. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      1
      2021
      Número de citas
      100
    • An enhanced slope in the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-104b
      We present the optical transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-104b based on one transit observed by the blue and red channels of the Double Spectrograph (DBSP) at the Palomar 200-inch telescope and 14 transits observed by the MuSCAT2 four-channel imager at the 1.52-m Telescopio Carlos Sánchez. We also analyse 45 additional K2 transits, after
      Chen, G. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      1
      2021
      Número de citas
      17
    • TOI-519 b: A short-period substellar object around an M dwarf validated using multicolour photometry and phase curve analysis
      Context. We report the discovery of TOI-519 b (TIC 218795833), a transiting substellar object (R = 1.07 R Jup) orbiting a faint M dwarf (V = 17.35) on a 1.26 d orbit. Brown dwarfs and massive planets orbiting M dwarfs on short-period orbits are rare, but more have already been discovered than expected from planet formation models. TOI-519 is a
      Parviainen, H. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      1
      2021
      Número de citas
      20
    • Vetting of 384 TESS Objects of Interest with TRICERATOPS and Statistical Validation of 12 Planet Candidates
      We present TRICERATOPS, a new Bayesian tool that can be used to vet and validate TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We test the tool on 68 TOIs that have been previously confirmed as planets or rejected as astrophysical false positives. By looking in the false-positive probability (FPP)-nearby false-positive probability (NFPP) plane, we define
      Giacalone, Steven et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      1
      2021
      Número de citas
      100
    • Maintaining the Ephemeris of 20 CoRoT Planets: Transit Minimum Times and Potential Transit Timing Variations
      We present 33 transit minimum times of 20 transiting planets discovered by the CoRoT space mission. These have been obtained from ground-based observations since the missionís end in 2012, with the objective to maintain the ephemeris of these planets and to identify potential transit time variations. Twelve of the observed planets are in the CoRoT
      Deeg, H. J. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2020
      Número de citas
      2
    • WASP-127b: a misaligned planet with a partly cloudy atmosphere and tenuous sodium signature seen by ESPRESSO
      Context. The study of exoplanet atmospheres is essential for understanding the formation, evolution, and composition of exoplanets. The transmission spectroscopy technique is playing a significant role in this domain. In particular, the combination of state-of-the-art spectrographs at low- and high-spectral resolution is key to our understanding of
      Allart, R. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2020
      Número de citas
      48
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. LP 714-47 b (TOI 442.01): populating the Neptune desert
      We report the discovery of a Neptune-like planet (LP 714-47 b, P = 4.05204 d, m b = 30.8 ± 1.5M ⊕, R b = 4.7 ± 0.3 R ⊕) located in the "hot Neptune desert". Confirmation of the TESS Object of Interest (TOI 442.01) was achieved with radial-velocity follow-up using CARMENES, ESPRESSO, HIRES, iSHELL, and PFS, as well as from photometric data using
      Dreizler, S. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2020
      Número de citas
      33
    • Broadband transmission spectroscopy of HD 209458b with ESPRESSO: evidence for Na, TiO, or both
      Context. The detection and characterization of exoplanet atmospheres is currently one of the main drivers pushing the development of new observing facilities. In this context, high-resolution spectrographs are proving their potential and showing that high-resolution spectroscopy will be paramount in this field. Aims: We aim to make use of ESPRESSO
      Santos, N. C. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      12
      2020
      Número de citas
      14
    • The widest broadband transmission spectrum (0.38-1.71 μm) of HD 189733b from ground-based chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin observations
      Multiband photometric transit observations (spectro-photometric) have been used mostly so far to retrieve broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to study their atmospheres. An alternative method was proposed, and has only been used once, to recover broadband transmission spectra using chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin
      Oshagh, M. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      12
    • Going back to basics: accelerating exoplanet transit modelling using Taylor-series expansion of the orbital motion
      A significant fraction of an exoplanet transit model evaluation time is spent calculating projected distances between the planet and its host star. This is a relatively fast operation for a circular orbit, but slower for an eccentric one. However, because the planet's position and its time derivatives are constant for any specific point in orbital
      Parviainen, H. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      9
      2020
      Número de citas
      10
    • Machine learning for transient recognition in difference imaging with minimum sampling effort
      The amount of observational data produced by time-domain astronomy is exponentially increasing. Human inspection alone is not an effective way to identify genuine transients from the data. An automatic real-bogus classifier is needed and machine learning techniques are commonly used to achieve this goal. Building a training set with a sufficiently
      Mong, Y. -L. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2020
      Número de citas
      11
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Rubidium abundances in nearby cool stars
      Due to their ubiquity and very long main-sequence lifetimes, abundance determinations in M dwarfs provide a powerful and alternative tool to GK dwarfs to study the formation and chemical enrichment history of our Galaxy. In this study, abundances of the neutron-capture elements Rb, Sr, and Zr are derived, for the first time, in a sample of nearby M
      Abia, C. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2020
      Número de citas
      21
    • The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189 b seen by CHEOPS
      The CHEOPS space mission dedicated to exoplanet follow-up was launched in December 2019, equipped with the capacity to perform photometric measurements at the 20 ppm level. As CHEOPS carries out its observations in a broad optical passband, it can provide insights into the reflected light from exoplanets and constrain the short-wavelength thermal
      Lendl, M. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      76
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Three temperate-to-warm super-Earths
      We announce the discovery of two planets orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 251 (0.360 ± 0.015M ☉) and HD 238090 (0.578 ± 0.021M ☉) based on CARMENES radial velocity (RV) data. In addition, we independently confirm with CARMENES data the existence of Lalande 21185 b, a planet that has recently been discovered with the SOPHIE spectrograph. All three planets
      Stock, S. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      37
    • Discriminating between hazy and clear hot-Jupiter atmospheres with CARMENES
      Context. Relatively large radii of some hot Jupiters observed in the ultraviolet and blue-optical are generally interpreted to be due to Rayleigh scattering by high-altitude haze particles. However, the haze composition and its production mechanisms are not fully understood, and observational information is still limited. Aims: We aim to study the
      Sánchez-López, A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      16
    • K2-111: an old system with two planets in near-resonance
      This paper reports on the detailed characterization of the K2-111 planetary system with K2, WASP, and ASAS-SN photometry, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from HARPS-N and ESPRESSO. The host, K2-111, is confirmed to be a mildly evolved (log g = 4.17), iron-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.46), but alpha-enhanced ([α/Fe]=0.27), chromospherically quiet
      Mortier, A. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2020
      Número de citas
      27
    • Discovery of a hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet and a second temperate, non-transiting planet around the M4 dwarf GJ 3473 (TOI-488)
      We present the confirmation and characterisation of GJ 3473 b (G 50-16, TOI-488.01), a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting an M4 dwarf star, whose transiting signal (P = 1.1980035 ± 0.0000018 d) was first detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Through a joint modelling of follow-up radial velocity observations with CARMENES, IRD
      Kemmer, J. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2020
      Número de citas
      34
    • TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b: Grazing and Fully Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by TESS
      We report the discovery and confirmation of two new hot Jupiters discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b. The transits of these two planets were initially observed by TESS with orbital periods of 1.651 and 3.739 days, respectively. We conducted follow-up observations of each system from the ground
      Davis, Allen B. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      13
    • Transmission spectroscopy and Rossiter-McLaughlin measurements of the young Neptune orbiting AU Mic
      AU Mic b is a Neptune-sized planet on an 8.47-day orbit around the nearest pre-main sequence (~20 Myr) star to the Sun, the bright (V = 8.81) M dwarf AU Mic. The planet was preliminary detected in Doppler radial velocity time series and recently confirmed to be transiting with data from the TESS mission. AU Mic b is likely to be cooling and
      Palle, E. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      11
      2020
      Número de citas
      47
    • The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two planets on opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780
      We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d ⋆ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise
      Nowak, G. et al.

      Fecha de publicación:

      10
      2020
      Número de citas
      64

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